Friday, November 30, 2007

Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, a traditionalist Roman Catholic who has called some of the Vatican's pronouncements ''satanic,'' prepared today to defy th

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Rebel Archbishop Ready to Defy Pope in a Schism
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By STEVEN GREENHOUSE, SPECIAL TO THE NEW YORK TIMES
Published: June 30, 1988
LEAD: Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, a traditionalist Roman Catholic who has called some of the Vatican's pronouncements ''satanic,'' prepared today to defy the Pope by ordaining four bishops on Thursday and bringing on the penalty of excommunication.
Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, a traditionalist Roman Catholic who has called some of the Vatican's pronouncements ''satanic,'' prepared today to defy the Pope by ordaining four bishops on Thursday and bringing on the penalty of excommunication.
In ordaining new bishops, something that can be done only with the mandate of the Pope, Archbishop Lefebvre will precipitate the first major schism in the church in 118 years. Since bishops have the power to ordain priests, the 82-year-old Archbishop's move holds the potential for perpetuating his movement beyond his lifetime.
In this village in the shadow of the Alps, the Archbishop showed his scorn for Rome at a ceremony at his seminary today when he ordained 16 priests even though he has been stripped of his power to do so. Wearing a gold-embroidered red hat and burgundy-colored vestments, he performed the ceremony before 5,000 people in a white tent the size of a football field.
Archbishop Lefebvre has emphasized the importance of ordaining traditionalist bishops to help combat recent revisions in Catholic doctrine and practice. He has condemned the use of the vernacular instead of Latin in the Mass and has attacked recent Catholic teachings that other religions have elements of truth.
After attempts at reconciliation failed, Vatican officials in recent days have implored him not to go through with the ordinations. On Tuesday, Pope John Paul said, ''We beg them and we exhort them with all our heart to remain in the house of the Father.''
The Pope, at a ceremony at which he created 24 new cardinals, added that if Archbishop Lefebvre proceeded with the ordinations, he would ''lead with him not a few of his followers toward a dangerous situation of schism.'' At the heart of the dispute is the Archbishop's rejection of the changes adopted by the Second Vatican Council, which met from 1962 to 1965. He condemns the Council for seeking to reconcile itself with other religions, because in his view Catholicism is the only true faith. He has called those measures modernist heresies caused by the ''satanic influence of liberalism.''
Vatican officials estimate that the Archbishop has 60,000 to 100,000 followers, although his aides say he has millions of supporters.
In a news conference on June 15, Archbishop Lefebvre, who is French, announced his plans to consecrate the bishops. ''They talk to us of excommunication, but excommunication by whom?'' he said. ''By a modernist Rome, by a Rome that no longer has Catholic faith, that no longer acts in a Catholic way.''
After that news conference, Bernardin Cardinal Gantin, head of the Bishops' Congregation at the Vatican, told the Archbishop that if he carried out his threat, he along with the four priests would be automatically and immediately excommunicated under canon law. #1870 Schism on Infallibility This would be the first important schism in the church since 1870, when a group known as the Old Catholics, many of them from France and the Netherlands, broke with the church because they rejected the First Vatican Council's declaration on papal infallibility.
In 1970, Archbishop Lefebvre set up the ultra-conservative St. Pius X Fraternity in Econe in southern Switzerland. In July 1976, Pope Paul VI, dismayed with his vociferous teachings, suspended him from priestly functions and prohibited him from saying Mass and administering the sacraments. But he has continued to ordain priests, and the priests are recognized by the church as having sacramental powers.
Many of the Archbishop's supporters urge him to break with Rome, while others say he should instead continue to fight from within.
A Lefebvre supporter, Donald McLean, editor of a Catholic newspaper who came from Melbourne, Australia, for the ordinations, said: ''We're not creating a schism; they are. We're following the true Catholic Church. We haven't changed; they have. We are sticking with Catholicism as it has always been. Human beings cannot change the laws of God.''
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